All Indicators > Indicator RH3: Human capital
| Definition | Average examination results at three stages |
| Dimension | Root causes |
| Sector | Household conditions (individual) |
| Components |
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| Source | Key Stage results from the National Pupil Database (NPD), 2001-2003, and ethnically coded Pupil Level Annual School Census (PLASC), 2001-2003, Department for Education and Skills (See individual component details) |
Additional details
The NPD contains Key Stage 2 (KS2), Key Stage 3 (KS3) and Key Stage 4 (KS4) results for pupils in maintained state and special schools. For the KS3 pupils the NPD cut used also has their KS2 results, and for KS4 pupils, their KS3 and KS2 results (where a match could be found).
PLASC is completed by maintained state schools (primary, middle and secondary) and maintained special schools every January and is a statutory requirement under the Education Act 1996.
For more detailed information on the construction of this indicator please see the PDF information file.
Component RH3_1: Key Stage 2 result
| Definition | Average Key Stage 2 result |
| Source Numerator | 2001: Key Stage 2 results from the National Pupil Database, 2001-2002, and Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2001-2002, Department for Education and Skills |
| 2001 Ethnic: Key Stage 2 results from the National Pupil Database, 2001-2002, and ethnically coded Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2001-2002, Department for Education and Skills | |
| 2003: Key Stage 2 results from the National Pupil Database, 2002-2003, Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2002-2003, Department for Education and Skills | |
| 2005: Key Stage 2 results from the National Pupil Database, 2004-2005, Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2004-2005, Department for Education and Skills |
Additional details
Key Stage 2 is usually taken in Year 6, the final year at primary school, when pupils are aged 10 or 11.
The actual test scores (rather than the levels) in English, Mathematics and Science were used to calculate the average result. Different marking range thresholds were used for marking in 2002 compared to 2003 or 2005. To enable comparison, a conversion has been applied to the results. The assumption was made that pupils who were in a particular level in 2002 would have been at a similar place within the equivalent level in 2003 and 2005.
For more detailed information on the construction of this component please refer to the PDF information file.
Component RH3_2: Key Stage 3 result
| Definition | Average Key Stage 3 result |
| Source Numerator | 2001: Key Stage 3 results from the National Pupil Database, 2001-2002, and Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2001-2002, Department for Education and Skills |
| 2001 Ethnic: Key Stage 3 results from the National Pupil Database, 2001-2002, and ethnically coded Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2001-2002, Department for Education and Skills | |
| 2003: Key Stage 3 results from the National Pupil Database, 2002-2003, Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2002-2003, Department for Education and Skills | |
| 2005: Key Stage 3 results from the National Pupil Database, 2004-2005, and Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2004-2005, Department for Education and Skills |
Additional details
Key Stage 3 (KS3) is usually taken in Year 9, the third year at secondary school, when pupils are aged 13 or 14.
At KS3, pupils are entered into different tiers in the three subjects depending on their ability. The range of marks given at each level is different for the different tiers. Therefore the marks for each subject were separately converted to a scale that incorporated all tiers. Based on the assumption that, for example, a level 4 on tier A is equivalent to a level 4 on tier B, it was possible to calculate what a given mark in the lower tier would represent in the higher tier.
A further transformation was applied to marks in 2002. Pupils sitting exams sat an extension paper, which led to artificially higher marks than those who sat in 2003. The additional marks for 2002 have thus been removed to allow direct comparison.
For more detailed information on the construction of this component please refer to the PDF information file.
Component RH3_3: Key Stage 4 result
| Definition | Average Key Stage 4 result |
| Source Numerator | 2001: Key Stage 4 results from the National Pupil Database, 2001-2002, and Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2001-2002, Department for Education and Skills. |
| 2001 Ethnic: Key Stage 4 results from the National Pupil Database, 2001-2002, and ethnically coded Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2001-2002, Department for Education and Skills. | |
| 2003: Key Stage 4 results from the National Pupil Database, 2002-2003, and Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2002-2003, Department for Education and Skills | |
| 2005: Key Stage 4 results from the National Pupil Database, 2004-2005, and Pupil Level Annual School Census, 2004-2005, Department for Education and Skills. |
Additional details
Key Stage 4 (KS4) is GCSE, usually taken in Year 11 when pupils are aged 15 or 16.
A point score from 0 - 8 is allocated to the KS4 grades, with for example, an A* scoring 8 and a U or X scoring 0. This measure uses a pupil's best eight GCSE/GNVQ results.
For more detailed information on the construction of this component please refer to the PDF information file.